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Italian Levantines (Italian: ''Italo-levantini'') are people living mainly in Turkey, who are descendants from Genoese and Venetian colonists in the Levant during the Middle Ages〔(The "Levantini" (in Italian) )〕 ==Characteristics== The name ''Italo-Levantine'' is additionally applied to people of Italian (especially Venetian and Genoese) origin, but even with some French or other Euro-Mediterranean roots, who have lived in Istanbul, İzmir and other parts of Anatolia in Turkey. Italian Levantines have roots even in the eastern Mediterranean coast (the Levant, particularly in present-day Lebanon and Israel) since the period of the Crusades and the Byzantine empire. A small group came from Crimea and the Genoese colonies in the Black sea, after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. The majority of the Italian Levantine in modern Turkey are descendants of traders/colonists from the maritime republics of the Mediterranean (such as the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Pisa or of the inhabitants of the Crusader states, especially the French/Italian Levantines in Lebanon, Israel and Syria) who got special concessions called ''Capitolazioni'' from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century.〔(Levantine historical heritage )〕 There are two big communities of Italian Levantines: one in Istanbul and the other in Izmir. At the end of the 19th century there were nearly 6,000 levantines of Italian roots in the second.〔(Frangini: Italiani in Smirne/Izmir (in Italian) )〕 They came mainly from the genoese island of Chios.〔(Latin migration from Chios )〕 The community reached more than 15,000 members during Ataturk's times, but now is reduced to a few hundreds, according to Italian Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo.〔(Interview to Scognamillo )〕 They continue to live in Istanbul (mostly in the districts of Karaköy, Beyoğlu and Nişantaşı), and İzmir (mostly in the districts of Karşıyaka, Bornova and Buca.) Most Latin rite Catholics in Turkey are Levantines of mainly Italian background. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian Levantine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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